[(accessed on 1 June 2020)]; Fang Z., Huang Z., Li X., Zhang J., Lv W., Zhuang L., Xu X., Huang N. How many infections of COVID-19 there will be in the diamond princess-predicted by a virus transmission model based on the simulation of crowd flow. Many economy hotels can further reduce their variable and semi-fixed costs, especially if they use family labor. This paper provides a systematic review of the published research topics relevant to the understanding of the hospitality industry in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. Ozili and Arun [51] categorized these into four groups of (1) human control measures; (2) public health measures; (3) fiscal measures; and (4) monetary measures. RevPAR falls by 60 percent in 2020, and only recovers slightly in 2021. Of the 175 articles found, 50 papers met the predefined inclusion criteria. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. Finally, changes in market equilibrium as the result of the COVID-19 outbreak were investigated. [25] quantified tourisms social costs during the pandemic. [(accessed on 7 May 2020)]; Petersen E., Wasserman S., Lee S.-S., Unyeong G.O., Holmes A.H., Al Abri S., McLellan S., Blumberg L., Tambyah P. COVID-19We urgently need to start developing an exit strategy. [25] developed the contingent valuation method to estimate costs borne by residents of tourist destinations (social costs) due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The model evaluated the number of infectors within the touristic urban area over time and the number of visitors who return home being infected over time. Larger REITs are retaining shareholder confidence, for two reasons: most have more liquidity (cash, mainly) with which to cover fixed costs, and larger REITS tend to be less leveraged than smaller REITs. The study indicated that while a significant rise in occupational stress has been observed in immigrant hospitality workers over the past 1520 years, the COVID-19 pandemic can add more pressure on workers and potentially deteriorate their mental and physical health condition. Their restaurant owners survey found that the expected chance of survival during a crisis lasting one month is 72%, for a crisis that lasts four months is 30%, and for a crisis that lasts six months is 15%. In leisure, we expect that travel to visit friends and relatives will return first, likely by car. While publicly traded hotel companies have done much worse than the broader marketbottoming out at a 60 percent share price decrease, 25 percentage points below the S&P 500lodging REITs, which make up a large portion of publicly traded hotel groups, have fared even worse. Davahli M.R., Karwowski W., Taiar R. A System Dynamics Simulation Applied to Healthcare: A Systematic Review. Research aspects of the hospitality industry among included papers. We are already hearing stories about hotels that are sold out for Labor Day weekend. In this article, we will examine a set of recovery scenarios for US hotels, including differing return and recovery timelines for hotels ranging from luxury to economy segment. The third limitation is using a limited number of search databases for article discovery. [(accessed on 22 May 2020)]; American Hotel & Lodging Association (AHLA) State of the Hotel Industry Analysis: COVID-19 Six Months Later. Fourth, one of the main challenges of this review was defining inclusion criteria. Based on the analysis and findings, two propositions on hospitality workers' training and work arrangements are . As domestic travel in China slowly returns, cautious travelers prefer to stay close to home, either driving or taking trains to regional destinations (Exhibit 5). For the present study, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) are considered for ensuring reliable and meaningful results of the systematic literature review studies. Many luxury hotels, on the other hand, require more than 100 employees to operate. In scenario A3, the viruss spread is contained, and the economy recovers slowly, revenue per available hotel room (RevPAR) falls by 53 percent in 2020, and returns to very near pre-crisis levels in 2022 (Exhibit 2). The report investigates the measures used by the industry to manage the pandemic situation and analyses the emerging business strategies used by Whitbread Plc to reinstate business in the post-COVID scenario. Chi et al. [54] reviewed literature and news on Chinese tourist behavior, tourism marketing, and tourism management; they concluded the growing popularity of luxury trips, free and independent travel, and medical and wellness tourism post-COVID-19 period [54]. 1 Travel restrictions cut down on the visitors who power the industry, and social-distancing . Owners will need to monitor bookings carefully, to distinguish between one-off blips in growth and a sustained recovery. The most popular publication sources include Tourism Geographies, International Journal of Infection Diseases, and Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education. FOIA After developing the main database and identifying all relevant papers, a formal screening process based on specific exclusion and inclusion criteria was followed. It has also been postulated that hygiene and safety perception will play a significant role in travel decisions in post-COVID-19 times [24]. Kim and Lee [26] studied the impacts of the perceived threat of the COVID-19 pandemic on customers preference for private dining facilities. Companies say they plan to turn off their travel restrictions in phases, and are developing decision-making processes and more agile travel policies to account for safety before authorizing travel. Their model predicts the total loss of revenues in the best and the worst scenarios as $1.5 billion and $15.2 billion, respectively, for 2020 [30]. A lot of studies have been undertaken to examine the influence of technological innovation on personnel. Most countries around the world have imposed partial or complete border closures, with travel bans affecting the majority of the worlds population [6]. There is no one right response for everyone, but some guidelines apply universally. [28] analyzed the COVID-19 pandemic impact on the U.S. labor market. that with component properties hit hard, REITS will not be able to pay dividends, their primary value proposition. Taking a different perspective, another study suggests that the hospitality industry may not do well after the lifting of travel bans and mobility restrictions [58]. Scenario 2 - This scenario assumes the current COVID-19 pandemic will directly impact hotel performance beginning in March 2020 and that the market and the property will begin to recover in early 2021. Additional hotel amenities like gyms, spas, and laundry facilities may be closed. Methodology and writingoriginal draft and revisions, M.R.D. The site is secure. The authors indicated that this would be one of Turkeys worst tourism crises under the worst-case scenario, exceeding the losses from public health crises due to Swine flu, Avian Flu, and SARS [30]. Employees' turnover intentions and work-family conflict as a result of the hospitality work environment are considered the major global challenges confronted by hospitality organizations, especially in the era of COVID-19. The more conservative A1 projects a delay in GDP recovery until 2023. The authors declare no conflict of interest. Luo M., Guo L., Yu M., Jiang W., Wang H. The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public - A systematic review and meta-analysis. If an outbreak of COVID-19 occurs on your cruise, you may need to: disembark and follow the local rules in the state or territory or country you are in. [(accessed on 18 May 2020)]; Centeno R.S., Marquez J.P. How much did the Tourism Industry Lost? [38] used an agent-based model to determine the virus spreading in tourist-oriented cities and, consequently, discover sustainable and resilient strategies [38]. Another study used automated content analysis to investigate newspaper articles and identified nine key themes among 499 newspaper articles, including, COVID-19s impact on tourism, public sentiment, the role of the hospitality industry, control of tourism activities and cultural venues, tourism disputes and solutions, national command and local response, government assistance, corporate self-improvement strategies, and post-crisis tourism product [42]. Based on this relationship, we used the unemployment rate projections from our colleagues to set a baseline for hotel performance. Cajner et al. Fitch, the credit rating agency, predicts that there will be a deep global recession. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The reviewed articles focused on different aspects of the hospitality industry, including hospitality workers' issues, loss of jobs, revenue impact, the COVID-19 spreading patterns in the industry, market demand, prospects for recovery of the hospitality industry, safety and health, travel behavior, and preference of customers. Specific steps for an exit strategy and the reopening of activities in different business sectors are presented by Peterson et al. Hadi S. Revitalization Strategy for Small and Medium Enterprises after Corona Virus Disease Pandemic (COVID-19) in Yogyakarta. [(accessed on 22 May 2020)]; Kretchmer H. Key Milestones in the Spread of the Coronavirus PandemicA Timeline. Survey participants were asked to select all the answers that applied, and respondents said, essentially, yesthey do not distinguish among the safety measures, and think these all are more or less valuable. In the hospitality industry, research on service robots has grown, with a focus on customer-robot interactions. 1Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, University of Central Florida, 12800 Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; ude.fcu@rakw, 2College of Business Administration, University of Central Florida, 12744 Pegasus Dr., Orlando, FL 32816, USA; ude.fcu@lives, 3Complexity & Computational Population Health Group, Texas A&M University, 2929 Research Pkwy, College Station, TX 77845, USA; ude.umat@otsopay. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help This research aims to identify the impact of Covid-19 crisis on organizations in the hospitality industry, with a study on Marriott Hotel UK. A3 projects GDP recovery as early as 2021. Hotels reliant on meetings, incentives, conferences, and events (MICE) revenue could face deep shortfalls. 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